Through the use of pruning techniques, it is possible to shape your tree, to a certain style. There are seven main tree shapes, that all have their own benefits, for certain different situations. During the growth of the tree, simply cut off the unneeded branches, tie the wanted branches, into the proper shape and you will be able to shape it, however you want. However, for some of the more advanced shapes, equally advanced pruning techniques, are required. There are many books written, on this subject.
Usually, if you’re trying to get your tree to a certain shape, all the tying and pruning should occur in the fall. This will encourage the shape to stick, since no fruits will be produced at that point in time. Each of the different shapes is very useful, in certain situations. So, here are some different types of shapes, you are able to choose from.
Standard trees hardly need any explanation. These are the varieties that are most common and probably what you picture, when you think of any tree. No specific shaping is required, to get the shape to take this form. Just let it go and prune it as you would normally and unless you have a strangely deformed tree, it should end up being a standard tree shape.
It is possible to turn a standard tree into a bush tree, through pruning. The branches take the same shape, but the stem, or trunk of the tree, is noticeably shorter. This can be beneficial, if you want to grow trees, but don’t want to block the view. For example, your house may a great view of the Rocky Mountains. You wouldn’t want to sacrifice this gorgeous view, so rather grow your trees as bush trees.
Cordons are a type of tree, that you might not be familiar with. It consists of one stem, with no branches. It is planted at an angle, so that it arches up, over the ground. Throughout the course of it’s growth, all branches are removed. These are beneficial, because they take up very small amounts of space and more trees can be fitted, into a certain square footage. The only negative aspect, is that they produce smaller amounts of fruit, per tree.
Espalier trees grow with a single vertical stem in the centre and several horizontal branches, on each side. These allow for long rows of trees, while still producing large amounts of fruit. If you operate an orchard, you probably use this shape, to fit as many trees as possible, into the area you have.
Fan trees use the same theory, as espalier trees. However, the shape is slightly different. The same central vertical stem is used, but the connected branches are not horizontal. They grow in the same pattern, as a standard tree, only they are two dimensional, rather than three dimensional. They are also used to save space and are used in place of espalier trees, as certain types of trees, do better with sloped branches.
Another type of espalier, is the step-over espalier. They are like a normal espalier, but with just one horizontal branch, which is very close to the ground. They are particularly useful, because they still produce delicious fruit, while providing a border. You can use step-over trees, to fence off your garden. They are definitely a popular shape of tree, mainly because they are like a fence, that bears fruit. What’s not to love about that?
As you can see, each of these shapes, has its own benefits and negative aspects as well. If any of these sounds like they would be a good fit for your garden, you can ask your local nursery employees, for advice, or for reading material, that will help you achieve your goals. Most of the time, getting the tree into the desired shape, is a very easy process and just requires some guidance, at the beginning.
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Sally Robson is an up and coming, South African internet marketer, with a vision of empowering all fellow South Africans and non U.S folk, to have equal opportunity and success on the internet. She and her husband Derek, have started a string of sites, resources, courses and articles, as part of Dersalsites. She also has a passion for gardening.
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